Preditores da satisfação com a vida entre universitários do Estado da Bahia, Brasil / Predictores de la satisfacción con la vida entre estudiantes universitarios del estado de Bahía, Brasil / Predictors of life satisfaction among university students in the state of Bahia, Brazil

A satisfação com a vida tem sido descrita como um constructo psicológico que se refere à avaliação global que o indivíduo faz em relação a sua vida. O presente estudo objetiva investigar se fatores individuais (gênero e idade), socioeconômico (classe social), de autoper-cepção (nível de estresse, estado de saúde e qualida-de do sono) e de percepção de qualidade de vida na universidade (oportunidade e motivação para aprendi-zagem, ambiente social para aprendizagem, ambiente físico e equipamentos para aprendizagem, autoava-liação de conhecimento e relevância da universidade) predizem a satisfação com a vida entre universitários de instituições públicas do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 1.506 universitários dos cursos de graduação presenciais das Universidades Federais (ufs) localizados no Estado da Bahia, sendo 537 ho-mens (35.7 %), 968 mulheres (64.3 %) e um que não identificou seu gênero, com idades entre 18 a 24 anos (63.5 %) e sem companheiro(a) (86.0 %). Os resultados indicaram que o modelo que melhor predisse a satis-fação com a vida foi aquele que incluiu classe social, nível de estresse, estado de saúde, qualidade do sono, grau de motivação, ânimo para assistir as aulas do seu curso, relacionamento com os demais colegas do seu curso e oportunidade de participação em atividades de ensino, extensão e pesquisa. Juntas, essas variáveis foram responsáveis por explicar aproximadamente 27.5 % da variância em satisfação com a vida, o que é uma razoável capacidade explicativa, se considerarmos que satisfação com a vida é um constructo psicológico, complexo e multideterminado.

La satisfacción con la vida ha sido descrita como un constructo psicológico que hace referencia a la valoración global que el individuo tiene en relación a su vida. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo investigar si factores individuales (género y edad), socioeconó-micos (clase social), autopercepción (nivel de estrés, estado de salud y calidad del sueño) y calidad de vida percibida en la universidad (oportunidad y motivación para el aprendizaje, ambiente social para el aprendizaje, ambiente físico y equipamiento para el aprendizaje, autoevaluación de conocimientos y pertinencia de la universidad) predicen la satisfacción con la vida en estudiantes universitarios de instituciones públicas del Estado de Bahía, Brasil. Participaron en el estudio 1.506 estudiantes universitarios de cursos de graduación presenciales en Universidades Federales (uf) ubicadas en el Estado de Bahía, 537 hombres (35.7 %), 968 mujeres (64.3 %) y uno que no identificó su género, edad entre 18 y 24 años (63.5 %) y sin pareja (86.0 %). Los resultados indicaron que el modelo que mejor predijo la satisfacción con la vida fue el que incluyó la clase social, el nivel de estrés, el estado de salud, la calidad del sueño, el grado de motivación, la disposición a asistir a las clases de su curso, la relación con los demás compañeros y la oportunidad de participar en actividades de docencia, extensión e investigación. En conjunto, estas variables fueron responsables de explicar aproximada-mente el 27.5 % de la varianza en la satisfacción con la vida, lo cual es una capacidad explicativa razonable, si consideramos que la satisfacción con la vida es un constructo psicológico, complejo y multideterminado.

Life satisfaction has been described as a psychological construct referring to the overall assessment the individ-ual makes regarding their life. The present study aims to investigate whether individual factors (gender and age), socioeconomic factors (social class), self-perception (level of stress, health status and quality of sleep), and perceived quaility of life at the university (opportu-nity and motivation for learning, social environment for learning, physical environment and equipment for learning, self-assessment of knowledge and relevance of the university) predict life satisfaction among university students from public institutions in the state of Bahia. In this study, 1.506 university students from undergraduate courses of the federal universities (ufs) participated in the study: 537 men (35.7 %), 969 women (64.3 %), and one student that did not identify their gender, with ages between 18 to 24 years (63.5 %) and without a partner (86.0 %). The results indicated that the model that best predicted life satisfaction was the one including social class, stress level, health status, quality of sleep, degree of motivation, willingness to attend classes in their degree, relationship with other colleagues in their degree, and opportunity to participate in teaching, ex-tension and research activities. Together these variables explained approximately 27.5 % of the variance in life satisfaction, which is a reasonable explanatory capacity if we consider that life satisfaction is a psychological, complex, and multidetermined construct.

Psychometric properties of the online Satisfaction with Life Scale in university students from a low-income region

Purpose: To test the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in an online format in university students from a low-income region. Methods: This was a psychometric study, involving a study of reliability (n = 117) and validity (n = 195) in university students from a region with a Gini index of 0.56. The scale was applied at two time points with an interval of 2 weeks. This scale measures satisfaction with life based on five statements and responses ranging from 1 to 7 (strongly disagree to strongly agree). We conducted the reliability assessment using temporal stability and internal consistency and construct validity assessment by internal structure solution. Results: All SWLS items showed acceptable (rho > 0.30) and significant (p < 0.05) temporal stability and acceptable internal consistency (alpha > 0.70). In construct validity (internal structure), we identified a factor with an explained variance of 59.0% in the exploratory factor analysis. Additionally, in the confirmatory factor analysis, we identified a one-factor structure solution for SWLS with an acceptable model fitting (chi-square/degrees of freedom [X2/df] = 6.53; Tucker-Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.991; Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.996; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.040; standardized root mean-squared residual [SRMR] = 0.026). Conclusion: The Satisfaction with Life Scale, in the online format, is a reliable and valid tool for university students in a low-income context.

Apoyo social, soledad, vulnerabilidad y satisfacción con la vida en personas mayores de México / Social Support, Loneliness, Vulnerability and Satisfaction with Life in Elderly People in Mexico / Apoio social, solidão, vulnerabilidade e satisfação com a vida em idosos no México

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos directos e indirectos del apoyo social, la soledad y la vulnerabilidad percibida en la satisfacción de vida (sv) de dos grupos de personas mayores en México, uno de 60 a 69 años de edad y el otro de 70 a 99. Se contó con una muestra no probabilística de 4.433 personas mayores, 61.8 % fueron mujeres y 38.2 % hombres. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: la escala de soledad de la Universidad de California; la escala de Red Social de Lubben (lsns-6) para evaluar el apoyo social percibido; la Escala de Vulnerabilidad Percibida de Myall et al.; la escala de Satisfacción con la Vida de Diener et al., así como un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los resultados mostraron un buen ajuste de los modelos, en los que se aprecia que para ambos grupos es mayor la varianza explicada de sv al relacionar apoyo social con soledad y vulnerabilidad, que si se mide el efecto directo del apoyo sobre sv. Esta investigación aporta elementos para el desarrollo de programas y políticas públicas que contribuyan al bienestar de personas mayores.

This research analyzed the direct and indirect effects of social support, loneliness and perceived vulnerability on life satisfaction (lf) of two groups of elderly adults in Mexico, one aged 60 to 69 years and the other from 70 to 99. There was a non-probabilistic sample of 4.433 older adults ­61.8 % were women, and 38.2 % were men­. The following instruments were used: the Loneliness Scale of the University of California; the Lubben Social Network scale (lsns-6) to assess perceived social support; the Perceived Vulnerability Scale (pvs) of Myall et al.; the Satisfaction with Life scale of Diener et al., and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results showed a good fit of the models, which show that the explained variance for both groups of lf is more significant when relating social support with loneliness and vulnerability than if the direct effect of support on lf is measured. This research provides elements for developing programs and public policies that contribute to the wellbeing of the elderly.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os efeitos diretos e indiretos do apoio social, solidão e vulnerabilidade percebida na satisfação com a vida (sv) de dois grupos de idosos no México, um grupo entre 60 e 69 anos e outro entre 70 e 99 anos. Contouse com uma amostra não probabilística de 4.433 idosos, sendo 61.8 % mulheres e 38.2 % homens. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: a escala de solidão da Universidade da Califórnia; a Escala de Rede Social de Lubben (lsns-6) para avaliar o suporte social percebido; a Escala de Vulnerabilidade Percebida (pvs) de Myall et al.; a escala Satisfação com a Vida de Diener et al., bem como um questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados mostra-ram um bom ajuste dos modelos, onde pode-se observar que para ambos os grupos a variância explicada da své maior quando se relaciona apoio social com solidão e vulnerabilidade do que quando se mede o efeito direto do apoio na sv. Esta pesquisa fornece elementos para o desenvolvimento de programas e políticas públicas que contribuam para o bem-estar dos idosos.

Relationship among materialism, attitudes regarding money, peer influence and satisfaction with life in chilean adolescents / Relación entre materialismo, actitudes hacia el dinero, influencia de pares y satisfacción con la vida en adolescentes chilenos

Abstract Materialism has been recognized as an important variable in postmodern societies; however, most of the studies on this concept have focused on the adult population. The aim of the present study is to determine the possible association between materialism and life satisfaction, and the possible mediating role of attitudes towards money and peer influence in this association, in a sample of Chilean adolescents. A sample of 1325 Chilean secondary school students completed a questionnaire measuring materialism, attitudes in regards with money, susceptibility to peer influence, and satisfaction with life. First, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to validate the scalers. Secondly, a theoretical model was tested using Hayes (2013) SPSS macro, PROCESS. The theoretical model included materialism as the predictor variable, satisfaction with life as the predicted variable, and attitudes towards money and susceptibility to peer influence as mediator variables. Results indicate that materialistic attitudes regarding money strengthens a negative relation between materialism and satisfaction with life. This tendency is not observed in susceptibility to peer influence despite being positively associated with materialism and attitudes regarding money. These findings suggest that the variables materialism and attitudes regarding money play a relevant role in the life satisfaction of Chilean adolescents.

Resumen El materialismo se ha reconocido como una variable importante en sociedades posmodernas, sin embargo, la mayor parte de los estudios respecto a este concepto se han centrado en población adulta. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la posible asociación entre materialismo y satisfacción con la vida, y el posible rol mediador de las actitudes hacia el dinero y la influencia de pares en dicha asociación, en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos 1325 estudiantes de secundaria completaron un cuestionario que media materialismo, actitudes hacia el dinero, susceptibilidad a la influencia de pares, y satisfacción con la vida. En primer lugar, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio para validar las escalas utilizadas. En segundo lugar, se probó un modelo teórico utilizando la macro PROCESS de SPSS de Hayes (2013). El modelo teórico consideró materialismo como variable predictora, satisfacción con la vida como variable predicha, y actitudes hacia el dinero, y susceptibilidad a la influencia de pares como variables mediadoras. Los resultados indican que actitudes materialistas hacia el dinero fortalecen una asociación negativa entre materialismo y satisfacción con la vida. Esta tendencia no se observa en susceptibilidad a la influencia de pares a pesar de estar asociada positivamente con materialismo y actitudes hacia el dinero. Estos Hallazgos sugieren que las variables materialismo y actitudes hacia el dinero juegan un rol relevante en la satisfacción con la vida de adolescentes chilenos.

Análisis psicométrico de la escala breve de satisfacción con los estudios en universitarios / Psychometric analysis of the satisfaction with studies brief scale in college students / Análise psicométrica da escala breve de satisfação com estudos em universitarios

El objetivo del estudio fue obtener evidencias de validez de una medida breve de satisfacción con los estudios. Fueron evaluados 531 estudiantes de psicología peruanos (77.6% mujeres) con la Escala Breve de Satisfacción con los Estudios (EBSE) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (ESV). Fueron evaluados tres modelos de medición (unifactorial, dos factores oblicuos, y bifactor) con un modelamiento exploratorio de ecuaciones estructurales (ESEM). La fiabilidad del constructo fue evaluada con el coeficiente omega. Los resultados mostraron que la estructura de dos factores (satisfacción con los estudios y satisfacción con la vida) recibió mayor respaldo, indicando a su vez que los ítems del EBSE corresponden a su factor teórico, y que la relación con la ESV es significativa. Por último, el coeficiente de fiabilidad fue adecuado. En conclusión, la EBSE presenta evidencias de validez favorables con respecto a su asociación con la ESV, y alta confiabilidad del constructo. (AU)

The aim was to obtain evidence of validity for a brief measure of satisfaction with studies. A total of 531 Peruvian Psychology students (77.6% women) were evaluated using the Satisfaction with Studies Brief Scale (SSBS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was carried out for three measurement models (single factor, two oblique factors, and bifactor). The construct reliability was evaluated through the omega coefficient. The results show that the two-factor structure (satisfaction with studies and satisfaction with life) received more support, that the SSBS´s items correspond to their theoretical factors, and that its relationship with the SWLS was significant. An adequate reliability coefficient was obtained. In conclusion, the SSBS shows favorable validity evidence regarding its relationship with the SWLS, and a high level of construct reliability. (AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi obter evidências de validade de uma breve medida de satisfação com os estudos. 531 estudantes de psicologia peruanos (77,6% mulheres) foram avaliados com a Escala Breve de Satisfação com Estudos (EBSE) e a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (ESV). Foram avaliados três modelos de medida (unifatorial, dois fatores oblíquos e bifator) com modelagem exploratória de equações estruturais (ESEM). A confiabilidade do construto foi avaliada com o coeficiente ômega. Os resultados mostraram que a estrutura de dois fatores (satisfação com os estudos e satisfação com a vida) recebeu maior apoio, indicando, por sua vez, que os itens do EBSE correspondem ao seu fator teórico e que a relação com o ESV é significativa. Finalmente, o coeficiente de confiabilidade foi adequado. Em conclusão, o EBSE apresenta evidências favoráveis ​​de validade em relação à sua associação com o ESV e alta confiabilidade do construto. (AU)

Instrumentos para evaluar bienestar en adolescentes en Chile: una revisión exploratoria / Instruments to evaluate well-being in Chilean adolescent population: a scoping review

En la actualidad, el bienestar es un área de estudio fundamental para la psicología debido a su estrecha relación con la salud física y mental, especialmente en grupos adolescentes, que son considerados prioritarios en el cuidado de la salud. Sin embargo, aún no existe consenso en cuanto a cómo definir y medir el bienestar, lo que ha generado una gran variedad de instrumentos con diferentes bases teóricas. En Chile se han validado instrumentos para evaluar el bienestar, pero no se ha realizado una sistematización que permita identificar y describir los instrumentos en función de sus perspectivas teóricas y propiedades psicométricas, particularmente en población adolescente. Por este motivo se realizó un Scoping Review de los instrumentos utilizados para medir bienestar en este colectivo. Para ello se llevó a cabo una búsqueda sistemática de acuerdo con la declaración PRISMA. Los resultados arrojaron un total de 25 instrumentos validados en esta población que presentaron adecuadas propiedades psicométricas desde diversos constructos teóricos. Se concluye que existen diversos instrumentos validados en Chile para evaluar la multidimensionalidad que implica el concepto de bienestar en población adolescente.

Currently, well-being is a crucial study area for psychology due to its close relationship with physical and mental health, especially among adolescents, who are considered a priority in health care. However, there is still no consensus on how to define and measure wellbeing, which has resulted in the generation of various measurement instruments with different theoretical bases. In Chile, instruments have been validated to assess well-being. However, there has been no systematisation to identify and describe the instruments in terms of their theoretical perspectives and psychometric properties, particularly in the adolescent population. For this reason, a Scoping Review of the instruments used to measure well-being in adolescents was carried out using a systematic search according to the PRISMA statement. The results yielded 25 instruments validated in this population that presented adequate psychometric properties from different theoretical constructs. In conclusion, several validated instruments in Chile assess the multidimensionality implied by the concept of well-being in the adolescent population.

Cross-cultural measurement invariance in the Satisfaction with Life Scale in Chilean and Spanish university students / Invarianza de medida transcultural en la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en estudiantes universitarios de Chile y España

Abstract Introduction: The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used measure of an individuals' cognitive assessment of subjective well-being. The SWLS has been validated in several contexts and populations, but its cross-cultural measurement invariance in emerging adult samples remains barely explored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurement invariance of the SWLS in university students from Chile and Spain and according to gender. Method: A non-probabilistic sample of 165 university students from Chile (66.7% women, Mage = 21.9, SD = 2.35), and 109 students from Spain (48.6% women; Mage = 22.9, SD = 2.4) completed the SWLS. Results: Using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, results showed that the SWLS exhibited configural, metric and scalar invariance in the comparison between the Chilean and Spanish student samples and also according to gender. Conclusions: This finding allows for significant latent mean comparisons between cross-cultural samples. Moreover, this study supports the SWLS as a valid instrument which provides data that can inform policies in order to improve the subjective well-being of university students of both genders, both in developed and developing Spanish-speaking countries.

Resumen Introducción: La Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) es un instrumento ampliamente utilizado para la evaluación cognitiva del bienestar subjetivo de los individuos. La SWLS ha sido validada en numerosos contextos y poblaciones, pero la invarianza de medida a nivel transcultural en adultos emergentes ha sido poco explorada. El propósito de este artículo fue evaluar la invarianza de medida de la SWLS en estudiantes universitarios de Chile y España y según género. Método: Una muestra no probabilística de 165 estudiantes universitarios de Chile (66.7% mujeres, edad promedio = 21.9, DE = 2.35) y 109 estudiantes de España (48.6% mujeres, edad promedio = 22.9, DE = 2.4) completaron la SWLS. Resultados: Por medio de un análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo, los resultados mostraron que la SWLS exhibió invarianza configural, métrica y escalar en la comparación entre las muestras de estudiantes chilenos y españoles y según género. Conclusión: Este hallazgo muestra que la SWLS permite comparaciones significativas de medias latentes entre muestras transculturales universitarias. Además, este estudio aporta evidencia de la SWLS como un instrumento válido que puede guiar la creación de políticas para mejorar el bienestar subjetivo de los estudiantes universitarios de ambos géneros, tanto en países desarrollados como en desarrollo de habla hispana.

Intra-individual changes in 3x2 achievement goals, friendship goals, motivational regulations and consequences in physical education / Cambios intraindividuales en las metas de logro 3x2, metas de amistad, regulaciones motivacionales y consecuencias en educación física

Abstract Introduction: This research examines intraindividual changes in 3x2 achievement goals in physical education classes during one semester, as well as the relationship of these changes with those in other motivational and outcome variables. Method: A total of 334 (178 boys and 156 girls) high school students (M = 13.12, SD = 1.05) completed five questionnaires in two different school years. Results: The results of the true intraindividual change model (TIC) provided unequivocal support for the separation of task-based and self-based goals, as well as the structures based on both valences of approach and avoidance. They also showed different intraindividual change patterns in the 3x2 achievement goals, indicating a progression in the stability of the goals depending on their definition. Intraindividual variability in achievement goals is directly related to intraindividual variability in dependent variables, with the task-approach goals TIC being the most adaptive. Conclusions: These goals should be prioritized.

Resumen Introducción: Este artículo examina el cambio intraindividual de las metas de logro 3x2 en las clases de educación física durante un semestre, así como la relación de estos cambios con los producidos en otras variables motivacionales y de resultado. Método: Un total de 334 (178 varones y 156 mujeres) estudiantes de educación secundaria (M = 13.12, DT = 1.05) completaron un cuestionario en dos cursos escolares diferentes. Resultados: Los resultados de la aplicación del modelado del verdadero cambio intraindividual (TIC) proporcionaron un claro apoyo a la separación de las metas basadas en la tarea y en el yo, así como a las estructuras basadas en ambas valencias de aproximación y evitación. También mostraron patrones de cambio intraindividual diferentes en las metas de logro 3x2 que parecen indicar una progresión en la estabilidad de las metas en función de su definición. Se observa que la variabilidad intraindividual en las metas de logro está directamente relacionada con la variabilidad intra individual en otras variables dependientes, siendo el TIC de las metas de aproximación-tarea el más adaptativo. Conclusiones: Se reafirman los beneficios de promover las metas de aproximación-tarea por encima del resto

Apoyo social de familia, profesorado y amigos, ajuste escolar y bienestar subjetivo en adolescentes peruanos / Social support from family, teachers and friends, school adjustment and subjective well-being of Peruvian adolescents

Resumen Introducción: La psicología positiva ha señalado la importancia del bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes, por ser un precursor del desarrollo positivo de los jóvenes. La investigación resalta la importancia del apoyo social percibido y el ajuste escolar como determinantes del bienestar adolescente. Por ello, este artículo tiene como finalidad analizar las relaciones de la percepción de apoyo social (de familia, profesorado, amigos) con el bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes, mediado por su ajuste escolar. Método: Participaron 1035 estudiantes peruanos de educación secundaria, con edades entre 12 y 16 años. Se probaron dos modelos teóricos con variables latentes, uno con mediación total y otro con mediación parcial. Resultados: Los resultados del modelo final mostraron una alta capacidad predictiva del apoyo social sobre el ajuste escolar y de este sobre el bienestar de los adolescentes. Además, se encontró un potente efecto del apoyo de la familia sobre el bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes peruanos. Conclusión: Estos resultados contribuyen a resaltar que el bienestar subjetivo es un constructo central en el contexto de la psicología positiva y en el desarrollo positivo de los jóvenes, por lo que debería cultivarse más abundantemente en las escuelas.

Abstract Introduction: Positive psychology has highlighted the importance of adolescents' subjected well-being as a precursor of the positive youth development. Research in this context highlights the importance of perceived social support and school adjustment as determinants of adolescent well-being. Therefore, the objective of this work has been to analyze the relationships of the perception of social support (from family, teachers, and friends) and the adolescents' subjective well-being, mediated by their school adjustment. Method: Participants were 1035 Peruvian Secondary Education students, aged between 12 and 16 years old. Two theoretical models with latent variables have been estimated and tested, one with total mediation and the other with partial mediation. Results: The results of the final model, with partial mediation, have shown a high predictive capacity of social support on school adjustment and, in turn, on the adolescents' well-being. In addition, a powerful effect of family support on subjective well-being of Peruvian adolescents has also been found. Conclusion: These results contribute to highlighting that subjective well-being is a central construct in the context of Positive Psychology and in the positive development of young people, which is why it should be cultivated more abundantly in schools.

Estrategias de afrontamiento, estrés percibido y bienestar psicológico en individuos con cefalea primaria / Coping strategies, perceived stress and psychological well-being in individuals with primary headache

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento, el bienestar subjetivo y el estrés en personas con cefalea primaria -es decir, con dolor de cabeza sin origen orgánico-. En total, participaron 150 personas adultas -135 mujeres y 15 hombres- diagnosticadas con cefalea primaria y episodios de cefalea en los últimos seis meses. Los instrumentos de medida utilizados fueron la Escala de satisfacción con la vida de Diener, la escala de estrategias de afrontamiento Brief Cope, la Escala de estrés percibido de Cohen, dos preguntas sobre la intensidad y frecuencia del dolor, y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. En general, se encontró que el bienestar subjetivo se relaciona positivamente con la planificación y negativamente con el uso de sustancias y la frecuencia del dolor; a la vez que el estrés percibido se asocia positivamente con negar la realidad del acontecimiento estresante, culpabilizarse por la situación ocurrida y la frecuencia del dolor, y negativamente con la aceptación de la situación estresante. Además, se observó un mayor estrés percibido en usuarios de atención pública de salud que en aquellos que son atendidos en el sistema privado. Este estudio permite identifi car las estrategias que deben ser potenciadas o modificadas con ayuda del personal de salud para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con cefalea primaria.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the association between coping strategies, subjective well-being and stress in people with primary headache, i.e., headache with no organically -based origin. In total, 150 adult persons participated -135 women and 15 men -diagnosed with primary headache and headache episodes in the last six months. The measurement instruments used were the Diener Life Satisfaction Scale, the Brief Cope Coping Strategies Scale, the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, two questions on pain intensity and frequency, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. In general, it was found that subjective well-being is positively related to planning and negatively to substance use and frequency of pain; while perceived stress is positively associated with denying the reality of the stressful event, blaming oneself for the situation that occurred and the frequency of pain, and negatively with accepting the stressful situation. Also, greater perceived stress was observed in users of public health care than in those who are seen in the private system. This study allows the identification of strategies that should be enhanced or modified with the help of health personnel to improve the quality of life of people with primary headache.

Social desirability in the measurement of subjective well-being: A study with Chilean university students / Deseabilidad social en la medición del bienestar subjetivo: un estudio con estudiantes universitarios de Chile

Abstract The present study aimed at determining the association between life satisfaction and subjective happiness while controlling for social desirability, and to explore whether overall satisfaction with life can be predicted by satisfaction with life dimensions while controlling for social desirability. The study had a quantitative, non-experimental cross-sectional design, with 279 participants from different universities of the Council of Rectors of Chile recruited through a non-probabilistic sampling method for convenience. The participants completed an online questionnaire that inquired about their global and dimensional satisfaction with life, subjective happiness, social desirability, and sociodemographic variables. The data was analysed using partial correlations and multiple regression analyses. Bivariate correlation results indicate weak and direct associations between social desirability and life satisfaction and subjective happiness, and a strong and direct association between the latter. According to the results of the partial correlation analysis, the association between life satisfaction and subjective happiness is maintained even when social convenience is controlled. The results of the multiple regression analyses indicate that although social desirability predicts life satisfaction by itself, when satisfaction with life dimensions is added to the model, social desirability loses its predictive power. In conclusion, although social desirability is associated with the two components, affective and cognitive, of subjective well-being, this association loses predictive power when other variables are considered in predictive models. Study limitations include a relatively low reliability score on the social desirability scale, possible bias due to the study's self-report design and sampling method used. The present study aimed at determining the association between life satisfaction and subjective happiness while controlling for social desirability, and to explore whether overall satisfaction with life can be predicted by satisfaction with life dimensions while controlling for social desirability. The study had a quantitative, non-experimental cross-sectional design, with 279 participants from different universities of the Council of Rectors of Chile recruited through a non-probabilistic sampling method for convenience. The participants completed an online questionnaire that inquired about their global and dimensional satisfaction with life, subjective happiness, social desirability, and sociodemographic variables. The data was analysed using partial correlations and multiple regression analyses. Bivariate correlation results indicate weak and direct associations between social desirability and life satisfaction and subjective happiness, and a strong and direct association between the latter. According to the results of the partial correlation analysis, the association between life satisfaction and subjective happiness is maintained even when social convenience is controlled. The results of the multiple regression analyses indicate that although social desirability predicts life satisfaction by itself, when satisfaction with life dimensions is added to the model, social desirability loses its predictive power. In conclusion, although social desirability is associated with the two components, affective and cognitive, of subjective well-being, this association loses predictive power when other variables are considered in predictive models. Study limitations include a relatively low reliability score on the social desirability scale, possible bias due to the study's self-report design and sampling method used.

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Satisfação e qualidade de vida em psicoterapia: um estudo piloto em clínica-escola / Satisfaction and quality of life in psychotherapy: a pilot study in a school-clinic

INTRODUÇÃO: As clínicas-escola são preconizadas pelos cursos de psicologia como um campo para a vivência e atuação prática dos acadêmicos. Diante da importância das psicoterapias como um meio de promoção qualidade de vida e satisfação com a vida, este estudo buscou verificar a influência da psicoterapia nestes construtos, realizados por acadêmicos do 10º período de psicologia, em uma clínica-escola. MÉTODO: As pessoas previstas para o atendimento de psicoterapia individual, em suas diferentes abordagens, foram avaliadas em dois tempos, ao início de um semestre letivo e ao final. Foram utilizados a WHOQOL-Bref e a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida como instrumentos de mensuração. RESULTADOS: Participaram das duas avaliações 11 pessoas (60% mulheres, Média= 41 anos). Foi realizado o teste t pareado para comparar as médias nas duas avaliações, sendo notado um aumento significativo na satisfação com a vida e nos domínios físico e psicológico, da qualidade de vida, os domínios social e ambiental mostraram uma tendência ao aumento, ainda que não significativo estatisticamente. DISCUSSÃO: A predominância de mulheres no estudo vai ao encontro do número total de pacientes atendidos pela clínica. O aumento significativo destes construtos a partir de intervenções psicológicas, corroboram com estudos de intervenção da mesma natureza. Estudos complementares acerca da influência da psicoterapia na qualidade de vida e satisfação com a vida, no contexto de clínicas-escola, podem apoiar a realização de novas investigações científicas neste contexto, algo desafiador diante das demandas inerentes ao serviço.

INTRODUCTION: School clinics are recommended by psychology's degrees as a service for the experience and practical performance for students. Knowing the importance of psychotherapies as a means of promoting quality of life and satisfaction with life, this study sought to verify the influence of psychotherapy, carried out by academics from the 10th period of psychology, in these constructs. METHOD: The participants scheduled for individual psychotherapy, in their different theories, were evaluated in two stages, at the beginning of an academic semester and at the end. WHOQOL-Bref and The Life Satisfaction Scale were used as measuring instruments. RESULTS: 11 people participated in the two evaluations (60% women, Average = 41 years). The paired t test was performed to compare the averages in the two assessments, with a significant increase in satisfaction with life and in the physical and psychological domains of quality of life, the social and environmental domains showed a tendency to increase, although not statistically significant. DISCUSSION: The predominance of women in the study meets the total number of patients seen by the clinic. The significant increase in these constructs from psychological interventions corroborates intervention studies of the same nature. Complementary studies about the influence of psychotherapy on quality of life and satisfaction with life, in the context of school clinics, can support the realization of new scientific investigations in this context, something challenging in view of the demands inherent to the service.

Life Satisfaction among Indigenous People from Chile: Evaluation of Measurement Invariance / Satisfacción con la vida en indígenas de Chile: evaluación de la Invarianza de Medida

Abstract Although the Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS) has been used to establish comparisons among nations/cultures, the measurement invariance of this scale has not always been demonstrated. The forced acculturative experience of indigenous minorities and its differentiation of gender roles could impact how people respond to this scale. The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement invariance of the SWLS when it is applied to a Chilean indigenous group, considering gender and their most frequent acculturative types (i.e., acculturated and bicultural). Eight hundred adults of Mapuche origin answered a Spanish version of the SWLS and the Mapuche Acculturation Scale. The results supported the SWLS strict invariance between acculturated and bicultural and also between acculturated men and women. Partial strict invariance was found between bicultural men and women; specifically, the residual variance of Item 3 was higher in women than in men. Since Spanish is a gendered language, a linguistic explanation is proposed for the non-invariance of this item. The importance of careful wording of the items, when administered in multilanguage acculturation contexts, is discussed.

Resumen Aunque la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) se ha usado para comparar personas de distintas naciones/culturas, no siempre su invarianza de medición ha sido demostrada. La aculturación forzada de las minorías indígenas y sus particulares roles de género podrían afectar las respuestas de esas personas a esta escala. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo examinar la invarianza de la SWLS en un grupo indígena chileno, considerando el género y los tipos aculturativos más frecuentes (i.e., aculturados y biculturales). Ochocientos adultos mapuches respondieron, en castellano, la SWLS y la Escala de Aculturación Mapuche. Se encontró apoyo para invarianza estricta entre aculturados y biculturales y, además, entre hombres y mujeres aculturados. Se encontró invarianza estricta parcial entre hombres y mujeres biculturales; específicamente, la varianza residual del ítem 3 fue mayor en mujeres que en hombres. Siendo el castellano un idioma con distinción de géneros, se propuso una explicación lingüística para la falta de invarianza de ese ítem. Se discute la importancia de redactar cuidadosamente los ítems cuando son administrados en contextos aculturativos multilingües.

Imagem corporal positiva e satisfação com a vida em pessoas idosas / Positive body image and satisfaction with life elderly people

O presente estudo pretende avaliar se as variáveis sociodemográficas, o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e os fatores relacionados com a aparência que influenciam a satisfação com a vida nas pessoas idosas. O estudo, com enfoque transversal e quantitativo, apresentou uma amostra de 53 pessoas idosas não institucionalizadas, com idades compreendidas entre 65 e 89 anos. A recolha de informações foi efetuada através de um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Apreciação Corporal (BAS-2),CARSAL/CARVAL e a Satisfação com a Vida (SWLS). Todos os participantes praticam algum tipo de atividade e quase todos os participantes se preocupam com a aparência (90,2%). Apesar de a maioria apresentar uma imagem corporal positiva, a média do IMC é superior ao valor normal (M = 28,13; DP = 4,81). A variável valência (CARVAL) apresenta uma relação positiva com a "prática atual de exercício físico" e uma relação negativa com as variáveis "gostar do corpo", "satisfação com a vida" e "imagem corporal positiva". As variáveis saliência e valência (CARSAL e CARVAL) apresentam um efeito direto com a imagem corporal positiva, enquanto que a valência apresenta um efeito direto de satisfação com a vida. O IMC não influencia a perceção de uma imagem corporal positiva nas pessoas idosas e a prática de exercício físico parece influenciar a satisfação com a vida. A imagem corporal positiva e satisfação com a vida são influenciadas pela avaliação emocional que as pessoas idosas fazem da sua aparência.(AU)

This study aims to assess whether sociodemographic variables, BMI and appearance-related factors influence life satisfaction in older people. In this cross-sectional and quantitative study, 53 non-institutionalized elderly people between the ages of 65 to 89 years participated. They answered a set of instruments consisting of: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Body Mass Index (BMI), the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2), the CARSAL/CARVAL and the Satisfaction with Life (SWLS). All participants practice some type of activity and almost all participants are concerned with appearance (90.2%). Although most have a positive body image, the average BMI is higher than the normal value (M = 28.13; SD = 4.81). The CARVAL variable has a positive connection with current physical exercise practice and a negative connection with body liking, life satisfaction and positive body image. The CARSAL and CARVAL variables have a direct effect on positive body image while CARVAL has a direct effect on life satisfaction. BMI does not influence the perception of a positive body image in the elderly and the practice of physical exercise seems to influence satisfaction with life. Positive body image and life satisfaction is influenced by the emotional assessment that older people make of their appearance.(AU)

Escala de satisfacción con la vida (SWLS): análisis de validez, confiabilidad y baremos para estudiantes universitarios de Bogotá / Satisfaction with life Scale (SWLS): validity, reliability and assessment analysis in college students from Bogotá (Col) as sample

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la validez, confiabilidad y baremos de la escala de satisfacción con la vida (SWLS) por Vázquez, Duque y Hervás (2013) en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Bogotá. Método: Participaron en el estudio 121 universitarios de ambos sexos entre los 18 y 45 años. Se utilizó como instrumento para esta investigación la versión traducida y adaptada al español del SWLS por Vázquez, Duque y Hervás (2013). El estudio fue de corte transversal, de tipo instrumental y con un método psicométrico. Resultados: El análisis factorial denota un solo factor que explica el 62,3 % de la varianza total acumulada, modelo que fue confirmado con ecuaciones estructurales y que concuerda con la propuesta teórica de la escala, así como un alfa de Cronbach general de 0,839, correlaciones positivas entre todos los reactivos y apropiada concordancia entre los elementos y el puntaje total corregido. Conclusiones: La Escala de satisfacción con la vida (SWLS) muestra una alta confiabilidad, apropiada consistencia interna entre los reactivos, correlaciones entre elementos y el puntaje total corregido, y concordancia en la estructura factorial con la versión original, lo que indica una adecuada validez de constructo, con apropiada confiabilidad y consistencia en la muestra de estudiantes universitarios, recomendando su aplicación en esta muestra.

Abstract Objective: Analyze the validity, reliability and assessment of the Satisfaction with life Scale (SWLS) Duque and Hervás (2013) in college students from Bogotá as sample. Method: 121 college students both males and females between 18 and 45 years old were sampled in this study. For this research, the translated and adapted version of SWLS by Vázquez, Duque and Hervás (2013) were used as instruments. A cross-sectional and instrumental type and a psychometric method were conducted for this research. Results: The factorial analysis shows a single factor that explains 62,3 % of the total cumulative variance; this model was confirmed by using structural equations and which are consistent with the theoretical proposal of the scale, and also a general Cronbach's alpha = 0,839, positive correlations among all reagents and appropriate matching between elements and the correct overall score. Conclusions: The satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) shows a high reliability, appropriated internal consistency among the items, concordance between reagents, correlation between elements and the correct overall score, and concordance between the factorial structure with the original version, showing an adequate construct validity, appropriate reliability and consistency in college students sampling, recommending its application.

Resiliencia como factor determinante para la satisfacción con la vida en estudiantes universitarios / Resilience as a factor determining satisfaction with life among university students

Introducción: Cada día ganan más importancia en la investigación educativa la resiliencia y la satisfacción con la vida de los estudiantes universitarios por la necesidad de tomar medidas para mejorar estas capacidades. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de resiliencia y de satisfacción con la vida de los estudiantes de la universidad estatal peruana de San Agustín, Arequipa, ante las situaciones sociales desfavorables. Métodos: Se empleó una muestra de 40 estudiantes universitarios con un rango de edad entre 18 y 36 años. Se utilizaron como instrumentos de investigación la escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young y la escala de satisfacción con la vida de Diener, Emmons, Larsen y Griffin. Resultados: Se constató que existe un nivel "medio alto" de resiliencia, que representó el 60 por ciento de la muestra; el nivel "alto", el 30 por ciento; y el nivel "medio", el 10 por ciento. Además, se encontró que hay relación primaria entre el nivel de resiliencia "medio alto" con el nivel de satisfacción "satisfecha". Conclusiones: Los resultados mostraron que existe una relación altamente significativa (p < 0,05) entre el grado de resiliencia y de satisfacción con la vida(AU)

Introduction: The growing importance of resilience and satisfaction with life among university students in educational research results from the need to take measures aimed at improving those capacities. Objective: Determine the level of resilience and satisfaction with life among students from the Peruvian state university of San Agustín, Arequipa, in the face of unfavorable social situations. Methods: The sample was 40 university students aged 18-36 years. The research tools used were Wagnild and Young's resilience scale and Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin's satisfaction with life scale. Results: Resilience values were "medium high" in 60 percent of the sample, "high" in 30 percent and "medium" in 10 percent. A primary relationship was found between the "medium high" resilience level and the "satisfied" level on the satisfaction with life scale. Conclusions: Results show a highly significant relationship (p < 0,05) between the level of resilience and the level of satisfaction with life(AU)

Validity of the Satisfaction with Life Scale in Colombia and factorial equivalence with Spanish data / Validez de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en Colombia y equivalencia factorial con datos españoles

Abstract The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used, 5-item, 7-point Likert-type scale that measures life satisfaction. The current study aims to explore the validity of the SWLS in Colombia and its factorial equivalence with Spanish samples. The SWLS was administered to a total of 1,587 Colombian participants, including a sample of undergraduates, a sample from the general population, and a clinical sample. The internal consistency across the different samples was good (overall alpha of .89). The one-factor model found in the original scale showed a very good fit in the overall Colombian sample (RMSEA = .052, 90% CI [.034, .073]; CFI = .99; NNFI = .99). SWLS scores are significantly related to measures of valued living, emotional symptoms, negative thoughts, experiential avoidance, and cognitive fusion. The clinical sample's mean score on the SWLS was significantly lower than the scores of the nonclinical samples. Three additional Spanish samples (N = 1057) were obtained to analyze the factorial equivalence of the SWLS in Colombia and Spain. Metric and scalar invariance were observed between countries and between Colombian males and females. In conclusion, the SWLS showed good psychometric properties in Colombia and factorial equivalence with Spanish samples.

Resumen La Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) es una escala ampliamente utilizada para medir satisfacción vital. Consta de 5 ítems que se responden en una escala tipo Likert de 7 puntos. El objetivo de este artículo es explorar la validez del SWLS en Colombia y la equivalencia factorial con muestras españolas. Se administró el SWLS a 1587 participantes colombianos, incluyendo una muestra de universitarios, una de población general y una muestra clínica. La consistencia interna a través de muestras fue buena (alfa global de .89). El modelo unifactorial encontrado en la escala original mostró muy buen ajuste en las muestras colombianas (RMSEA = .052, 90% CI [.034, .073]; CFI = .99; NNFI = .99). Las puntuaciones del SWLS estuvieron relacionadas significativamente con medidas de vida valiosa, síntomas emocionales, pensamientos negativos, evitación experiencial y fusión cognitiva. La puntuación promedio de la muestra clínica fue significativamente menor que las de las muestras no clínicas. Se obtuvieron tres muestras españolas (N = 1057) para analizar la equivalencia factorial del SWLS en Colombia y España. Se observó invarianza métrica y escalar entre países y entre género en Colombia. En conclusión, la SWLS mostró buenas propiedades psicométricas en Colombia y equivalencia factorial con muestras españolas.

Comprometimento, estresse e satisfação com a vida de profissionais da saúde / Health professionals' commitment, stress, and satisfaction with life / Compromiso, estrés y satisfacción con la vida de profesionales de la salud

O trabalho faz parte da identidade pessoal e social do indivíduo, afetando seu estado psicológico, determinando relações e vínculos em diferentes níveis emocionais. O estudo, inédito na área, fornece subsídios para o aprimoramento da gestão de pessoas nas organizações de saúde. Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar, descrever e analisar as relações entre comprometimento, estresse e satisfação com a vida. Participaram 120 profissionais da saúde, com média de idade de 36,6 anos, e que trabalham há mais de 4 anos na instituição. Os profissionais responderam a uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos, Escalas de Comprometimento, Escala de Estresse Percebido e Escala de Satisfação com a Vida. Os dados mostraram alto nível de comprometimento organizacional geral e afetivo; nível mediano de comprometimento normativo; baixo nível de comprometimento calculativo, e elevada satisfação com a vida. O comprometimento apresentou correlação positiva com a satisfação, negativa com o estresse, e houve correlação negativa entre satisfação e estresse.

Work is part of the personal and social identity of individuals, affecting their psychological state, determining relationships and ties at different emotional levels. This study, unprecedented in the area, provides assistance for improving people management in health organizations. This research aimed to identify, describe, and analyze the relationships between commitment, stress, and satisfaction with life. Participants included 120 health professionals, with a mean age of 36.6 years, who had worked in the institution for more than 4 years. They answered a Sociodemographic Data Sheet; the Scales of Commitment; the Perceived Stress Scale; and the Life Satisfaction Scale. The data showed a high level of general and affective organizational commitment; a medium level of normative commitment; a low level of calculative commitment, and high satisfaction with life. Commitment presented a positive correlation with satisfaction, a negative one with stress, and there was a negative correlation between satisfaction and stress.

Este trabajo forma parte de la identidad personal y social del individuo, afectando su estado psicológico, determinando relaciones y vínculos en diferentes niveles emocionales. El estudio, inédito en el área, proporciona subsidios para el perfeccionamiento de la gestión de personas en las organizaciones de salud. Esta investigación objetivó identificar, describir y analizar las relaciones entre Compromiso, Estrés y Satisfacción con la Vida. Participaron 120 profesionales de la salud, con una media de edad de 36,6 años, y que trabajan desde hace más de 4 años en la institución. Ellos respondieron una Formulario de Datos Sociodemográficos; las escalas de compromiso; la Escala de estrés percibido; y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida. Los datos mostraron un alto nivel de compromiso organizacional general y afectivo; nivel medio de compromiso normativo; bajo nivel de compromiso de calculación, y elevada satisfacción con la vida. El compromiso presentó correlación positiva con la satisfacción, negativa con el estrés, y hubo correlación negativa entre satisfacción y estrés.

Validación de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en trabajadores peruanos / Validation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale in Peruvian workers

Se presenta la validación de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS, por sus siglas en inglés). Participaron 177 trabajadores (74% varones) de 19 a 64 años de edad (M = 36.24; DE = 9.75) provenientes de una industria pesquera de diversas ciudades del Perú. Se obtuvo la evidencia de validez relacionada con la estructura interna mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio complementado con el análisis de la varianza extraída promedio para la convergencia interna entre los ítems. Además, se examinó la evidencia de validez por su relación con otros constructos cumpliendo la satisfacción con la vida el papel de variable dependiente frente a los efectos del síndrome de burnout. La confiabilidad de consistencia interna fue calculada con los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach, Omega y H. Los resultados demuestran una estructura unidimensional de la SWLS con errores correlacionados entre los pares 1-2 y 4-5. En el análisis de regresión, las dimensiones de eficacia profesional e agotamiento emocional del síndrome de burnout influenciaron en la satisfacción con la vida en contraste con la dimensión de indiferencia. La consistencia interna de las puntuaciones de la SWLS fue aceptable. Se discute la implicancia de los resultados a nivel práctico y teórico además de las limitaciones y recomendaciones futuras

This paper presents the validation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Participants were 177 workers (74% males) between 19 and 64 years of age (M = 36.24, SD = 9.75) from fishing companies located in different cities of Peru. Evidence of validity related to the internal structure was obtained through the confirmatory factor analysis complemented with the analysis of the average variance that determines the internal convergence between the items. In addition, evidence of validity was examined to assess its relationship with other constructs: the satisfaction with life fulfilled the role of dependent variable versus the effects of the burnout syndrome. The reliability of the internal consistency was calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient, McDonald's omega coefficient, and Mueller & Hancock´s H coefficient. The results demonstrate a one-dimensional structure of the SWLS with errors correlated between pairs 1-2 and 4-5. In the regression analysis, the dimensions professional efficacy and emotional exhaustion of burnout syndrome influenced the satisfaction with life dimension in contrast to the indifference dimension. The internal consistency of the SWLS scores was acceptable. The implication of the results at practical and theoretical level is discussed, as well as the limitations and future recommendations.

Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale, in workers of the manufacturing industry / Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de satisfacción con la vida, en trabajadores de la industria manufacturera

Resumen El presente estudio reporta las propiedades psicométricas y el factor de estructura de la Escala de satisfacción con la vida (SWLS) en una muestra de trabajadores de la industria manufacturera en Jalisco, México (N = 774). La SWLS es una medida diseñada con el fin de evaluar la satisfacción de vida subjetiva. La muestra fue proporcional de 32 industrias participantes de los tres parques. Resultados del análisis factorial demostraron que la escala se comporta como una estructura unifactorial, lo que explica una varianza total del 66%, con elevados pesos factoriales para cada elemento (entre 0,74 y 0,86). La consistencia interna de la SWLS (a = 0,82) resultó ser alta en relación con los cinco ítems de la escala. El análisis factorial muestra que la SWLS tenía validez concurrente adecuada.

Abstract This study reports the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Satisfaction Scale with Life (SWLS) in a sample of workers in the manufacturing industry in Jalisco, Mexico (N = 774). The scale (SWLS) is a measure designed to assess subjective life satisfaction. The sample was proportional 32 industries participating of the three industrial parks. Results of factor analysis showed that the scale behaves as a factor structure, explaining total variance of 66%, with high factor loadings for each element (between 0.74 and 0.86). The internal consistency of the SWLS (a = 0.82) was high in relation to the five items of the scale. Factorial analysis showed that SWLS had adequate concurrent validity.